For some Americans, such as Sue Reddel and her partner Diana, obtaining a second passport is a step toward a permanent move abroad.

In 2017, while working as a journalist in Wisconsin, Reddel took her first trip to Portugal and quickly fell in love with its culture and people. After returning to the U.S., she envisioned a permanent move to Portugal. A couple of years later, she and Diana traveled across the country to confirm their feelings about relocating. Soon after, they began to look into the process of moving.

Initially, Reddel’s desire for a fresh start in Portugal was fueled by her fondness for the country. However, the uncertainty surrounding the 2020 election and the couple’s LGBTQ+ identity also contributed to their decision, as they worried about future political climates.

The journey toward citizenship has been lengthy, involving extensive paperwork for them and their cats, as well as signing leases for apartments sight unseen. Now, having lived in Portugal since 2021, they are just 18 months away from qualifying for citizenship through naturalization, which entails five years of residency and proving proficiency in Portuguese.

“When we first started, we knew it would take five years,” stated Reddel, who co-authored an e-book titled “101 Tips for Moving to Portugal: And Once You Arrive” with her wife. “We didn’t realize it could extend another year or two, but we were not discouraged since we plan to stay in Portugal.”

As uncertainty rises in the U.S., Reddel and her partner are among an increasing number of Americans seeking to relocate abroad. Following the 2024 Presidential Election, there was a staggering 1,514% increase in Google searches related to moving overseas. Although obtaining a second passport can be costly and time-consuming, it provides long-lasting flexibility and security that temporary visas do not offer.

Reaz Jafri, a New York attorney from Withers with three decades of experience in helping clients obtain second passports, has noted a fivefold increase in inquiries about second passports following the recent election.

“The political discussions in our country have been very intolerant, prompting families to consider their backup plans,” Jafri explained to YSL News.

Here’s some essential information regarding the process of acquiring a second passport.

The Motivation Behind Americans Seeking Second Passports

Many of Jafri’s clients are families looking to “relocate to a safer environment,” driven by concerns over growing intolerance and the political situation. “This sentiment is very real for many of them,” he shared.

Having a second passport offers the benefits of citizenship without the limitations and renewal challenges associated with temporary visas. “There is stability in possessing a permanent passport that serves as a genuine Plan B,” Jafri stated. “In the long run, this brings a sense of security.”

While digital nomad visas or extended stay visas provide temporary access to living abroad, they are not permanent solutions. These types of visas tend to attract younger individuals employed in remote-compatible industries, according to Jafri.

For Reddel, obtaining an E.U. passport allows for greater mobility across Europe. “We view our future Portuguese citizenship as a gateway to an E.U. passport, enhancing our flexibility considering the ever-changing global landscape,” she noted.

How to Acquire a Second Passport

There are several pathways to obtaining a second passport, though most processes are likely to be lengthy and potentially costly.

The most straightforward and least expensive method most people are familiar with is citizenship by descent, which allows individuals to trace their ancestry back to certain countries. Nations like Portugal, Austria, Germany, and Spain provide this option for naturalization. However, eligibility can depend on how many generations back you can trace your lineage, and you’ll need proof of your ancestors’ citizenship.

For those who can’t trace their family roots to a qualifying country, another relatively quick option is citizenship by investment, commonly known as a golden visa. “There are several countries that offer programs where you can achieve citizenship in exchange for a significant investment,” said Jafri.

This method typically requires a considerable financial commitment, such as acquiring real estate or starting a business, and includes a financial background check before citizenship is granted. Unfortunately, these options are usually suited for wealthier individuals, as the required investments can be substantial – for instance, Spain demands over €500,000 (around $532,822). Additionally, approval can be denied based on a person’s financial background, such as if a significant portion of their funds is in cryptocurrency.

However, due to security issues, several European countries, including Portugal and Spain, are limiting the number of golden visas on offer or starting to eliminate the program altogether. “It’s important to remember that these opportunities may not be available indefinitely,” Jafri cautioned.

If a large investment is not a feasible option for you,

In addition to investing a certain amount of money in a foreign country, individuals may also obtain citizenship by retiring or living there long-term. This option is particularly suitable for professionals and retirees, as it typically requires spending a designated period in the country, during which one might need to pass an exam to show familiarity with the local language and culture to become eligible for a passport.

Which Countries Are Ideal for a Second Passport?

Several countries currently provide golden visa programs, including the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, and Ethiopia, along with some Caribbean nations like St. Kitts and Antigua. In Europe, options include Cyprus, Italy, Greece, Malta, and Spain. Jafri advises individuals to thoroughly investigate the cost of living, educational opportunities, and healthcare systems in various countries to find the best fit for their circumstances or consider hiring a lawyer for guidance on their options.

One approach Jafri has recommended involves relocating to Malta to secure an E.U. passport, which necessitates an investment of €750,000 (approximately $799,271) and a minimum residency of one year. Once they attain citizenship, individuals gain enhanced mobility throughout the E.U. to their preferred destinations.

For those looking to acquire citizenship through residency, Jafri mentions a few appealing options with affordable living costs. For instance, Panama provides permanent residency to individuals who live there for three to five years and demonstrate basic Spanish skills. Mexico allows individuals to become citizens after at least five years of legal residency, with at least two years of physical presence and a clean criminal record.

How Long Does it Take to Get a Second Passport?

The duration varies. Gaining citizenship through investment can be accomplished in a matter of months with legal assistance, whereas obtaining citizenship via residency often takes several years of residing in the nation.

“Our plan from the beginning was to follow a five-year strategy,” Reddel explained. “First, you secure a two-year residence visa, then extend it for an additional three years.”

She added, “Moving to a different country can be quite challenging.”