New research from Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health reveals that swapping out a gas stove for an electric induction stove can cut indoor nitrogen dioxide air pollution by over 50 percent, significantly improving air quality indoors.
A recent study, part of a project named “Out of Gas, In with Justice” by WE ACT for Environmental Justice, looked into the benefits of transitioning from gas to induction stoves in affordable housing. This pilot project was the first to explore the effects of switching to electric stoves in a public housing setting in the U.S.
The initiative aligns with New York City’s 2023 ban on gas-powered appliances in new buildings and California’s move towards electric-friendly building requirements. While gas stoves are common in about 38% of U.S. households, the prevalence varies across states like New York where it’s as high as 62%.
The study involved 20 low-income households in the Bronx, with half switching to induction stoves and the rest serving as a control group. The research monitored indoor air quality and stove usage before and after the switch, finding a significant reduction in nitrogen dioxide levels with the induction stoves.
Participants were pleased with the induction stoves, noting faster heating and enhanced safety, reducing concerns about gas leaks and fires. Short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide can exacerbate respiratory issues, leading to hospital visits and even premature mortality.
The positive impact of the transition on health was clear, with participants choosing to stick with their new electric stoves despite the option to switch back at no cost.
While the study didn’t specifically assess climate benefits, research indicates the harmful effects of gas stoves on the environment. Gas consumption from residential use contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, with methane in gas having a much higher global warming potential than CO2 over a 20-year period.
The switch to electric stoves presents a dual benefit by reducing emissions and improving health outcomes, particularly for vulnerable populations like low-income communities and people of color who often live in poorly ventilated spaces with outdated gas appliances. Prioritizing electric stoves in energy transitions is crucial for both environmental and public health concerns.
The study underscores the importance of inclusive and sustainable energy policies to address both health and environmental justice, ensuring that all communities benefit from cleaner air and a healthier living environment.
This research was supported by the Climate Imperative Foundation and the Summit Foundation.
