India’s intention to expand fracking activities without strong regulations could jeopardize the country’s delicate water security, research suggests.
India’s intention to expand fracking activities without strong regulations could jeopardize the country’s delicate water security, research suggests from the University of Surrey.
India is promoting shale gas as a crucial transitional energy source, having launched 56 fracking projects across six states. Despite the potential for energy independence, the Surrey research raises concerns about India’s ability to manage the unique water risks associated with fracking.
Hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, entails injecting high-pressure fluid into shale formations to extract natural gas. This method has sparked controversy globally due to its significant environmental effects, particularly regarding water resources. The study highlights that India’s current regulations for fracking are rooted in guidelines meant for traditional drilling techniques, failing to adequately address the specific challenges posed by fracking.
Shashi Kant Yadav, the lead author from the University’s School of Law specializing in environmental regulatory matters, along with his colleagues, identified four critical water-related issues stemming from fracking that require immediate attention:
- Water contamination: Fracking chemicals and methane release can pollute groundwater.
- Water usage: Fracking consumes large quantities of water, potentially draining local supplies.
- Wastewater management: Dealing with and disposing of the contaminated water that returns from the earth is a complicated issue.
- Water-induced seismicity: The injection of fracking fluids can cause earthquakes.
By comparing these four water issues related to fracking with regulations in the US shale sector, the study points out shortcomings and inefficiencies in the Indian framework, stressing the need for a stricter regulatory strategy.
In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and various state agencies have implemented diverse regulations — some states work to lessen the environmental effects of fracking, while others promote its commercial expansion. These protective measures include monitoring water quality, requiring reports on the chemicals used in fracking fluids, and establishing strong waste management protocols.
The researchers advocate that India should implement similar, if not more stringent, measures to safeguard its already strained water resources.
Shashi Kant Yadav, the study’s lead author, stated:
“Our research delivers a critical warning: India must reevaluate the commercial expansion of fracking operations and undertake an in-depth scientific investigation into the potential consequences for water resources. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to reassess both federal and state regulations to ensure all water-related issues are comprehensively addressed.”
“This study should serve as a wake-up call for decision-makers. The threat of a significant environmental crisis is both real and looming if proactive measures are not implemented. As India strives for its energy objectives, it is essential not to overlook the balance between energy and water security.”
For further insights into the research and its conclusions, refer to the complete paper in Environmental Law Review.
