Tonsil stones, or tonsilloliths, are deposits of calcium that accumulate on the tonsils.

Although tonsil stones are not typically dangerous, Dr. Neil Brown, MD, an otolaryngologist with M Health Fairview and the University of Minnesota Medical School, notes they often signify inadequate oral hygiene.

These stones can affect your daily life. In addition to causing ongoing bad breath, they may lead to chronic sore throats and ear discomfort. Here’s what doctors want you to know.

What are tonsil stones?

Your tonsils, located at the back of your throat, play a critical role in your immune system. They contain numerous white blood cells that help your body combat illnesses, according to Cleveland Clinic.

Tonsil stones appear as hard white or yellow lumps on the tonsils, as reported by Healthline.

Dr. Jason Klenoff, an otolaryngologist with Stamford Health, explains that the tonsils have various tiny depressions known as crypts. “Bacteria, food, and shed skin can get trapped in these crypts,” he says.

“As bacteria multiply, they create a cheesy, yellow mass within the crypt, known as a tonsil stone.”

While poor hygiene typically leads to tonsil stones, some individuals may still develop them even with good oral health, Dr. Brown states.

Why do tonsil stones smell bad?

One of the key issues connected to tonsil stones is strong bad breath, according to Dr. Brown.

The foul odor from tonsil stones arises from sulfur compounds produced by the bacteria living on them, explains Dr. Klenoff. The scent resembles rotten eggs, leading to undesirable breath.

WebMD outlines additional symptoms of tonsil stones, which may include:

• Sore throat
• Cough
• White debris
• Difficulty swallowing
• Ear pain
• Swelling of the tonsils

Is it safe to remove tonsil stones at home?

While generally safe, removing tonsil stones at home should be done with care. Methods to eliminate tonsil stones include gargling with salt water, coughing, or using a water pick or cotton swab to physically remove them (though this can lead to bleeding or infection), as stated by Healthline.

If tonsil stones are affecting your quality of life, Dr. Brown suggests consulting a doctor to discuss options for treatment. Possible treatments include a course of antibiotics or a stronger prescription mouthwash.

Is ice cream effective for soothing a sore throat? The answer might surprise you.

Unfortunately, once tonsil stones form, they can be challenging to eliminate, according to Dr. Brown. Many treatment methods, including prescribed medications, “are generally not a long-term solution, as those crypts are quite deep in the tonsils,” he adds.