Researchers have identified a new protective function of a specific protein, which may pave the way for innovative treatments for age-related illnesses and promote healthier aging.
Researchers have identified a new protective function of a specific protein, which may pave the way for innovative treatments for age-related illnesses and promote healthier aging.
The research team discovered that a group of protective proteins, referred to as MANF, contributes to maintaining the efficiency and proper functioning of cells.
The results of their study are published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Cells are responsible for producing proteins and disposing of them after they have served their purpose. This process of continuous upkeep is called cellular homeostasis. However, as we grow older, our cells struggle to maintain this balance.
Sometimes, proteins are synthesized incorrectly, and the organism can become unable to clear them away effectively. This leads to harmful protein clumping, which has been associated with conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.
“When cells encounter stress due to protein aggregation, the endoplasmic reticulum, the site of protein synthesis and release, receives a signal to halt production,” explains biology professor Bhagwati Gupta, who oversaw the study.
“If the issue can’t be resolved, the cell may perish, resulting in neuron degeneration that contributes to neurodegenerative diseases.”
Earlier research, including a study from McMaster, demonstrated that MANF defends against rising cellular stress. To delve deeper, the team investigated tiny worms known as C. elegans and developed a method to alter MANF levels in these organisms.
“We could visibly see where MANF was active within the worms due to their translucent bodies. It was present in various tissues, specifically within lysosomes, which are involved in lifespan determination and protein aggregation,” stated Shane Taylor, who is now a post-doctoral fellow at the University of British Columbia and worked on this research for his Ph.D. at McMaster.
The research team noticed that MANF is crucial for cellular waste disposal by aiding in the breakdown of excess proteins, ensuring that cells remain healthy and organized.
Additionally, raising MANF levels activates an intrinsic clean-up mechanism within cells, enhancing their longevity and performance.
“Although our research was conducted on worms, the principles found are applicable across species. MANF exists in all animals, humans included. We are uncovering fundamental mechanisms that could eventually be tested in more complex organisms,” said Taylor.
To explore MANF as a potential treatment option, the researchers aim to identify other components that interact with MANF.
“Understanding MANF’s involvement in cellular balance indicates it could lead to therapies for brain and bodily disorders by targeting cellular processes and eliminating toxic protein accumulations,” stated Gupta.
“The core objective of aging research is to enhance these processes. By grasping how MANF functions and focusing on its role, we could devise new strategies against age-related diseases. Our goal is to promote longer and healthier lives. Insights into such factors could help achieve that.”
