Researchers have uncovered a process within DNA that influences the inheritance of mutations that can lead to diseases. Their investigation revealed two enzymes that control a specific chemical modification, known as 6mA, in mitochondrial DNA. When this modification is absent, mutations in the DNA can accumulate, which is linked to conditions such as dementia, cancer, and diabetes. This study indicates that the 6mA modification plays a vital role in managing these mutations, hinting that increasing its levels may help slow down the progression of various diseases.
Scientists at the University of Queensland have found a mechanism in DNA that shapes how mutations leading to diseases are passed down.
According to Dr. Anne Hahn and Associate Professor Steven Zuryn, both from UQ’s Queensland Brain Institute, these findings could open new pathways for preventing heritable and age-related diseases.
Dr. Hahn remarked, “Mitochondrial DNA is crucial for the proper functioning of cells.”
“However, as we age, this DNA can mutate, contributing to diseases such as dementia, cancer, and diabetes.”
“Our research pinpointed two enzymes that oversee a chemical alteration—adenine methylation, or 6mA—in mitochondrial DNA across various species, including humans.”
“When this modification is removed, it results in an unchecked accumulation of mutations that can be inherited,” stated Dr. Hahn.
“Our research demonstrates that the 6mA modification regulates these mutations, suggesting that boosting its levels could help decelerate disease progression.”
The field of epigenetics is an ever-developing area of study that explores how factors like childhood experiences can affect how genes are expressed.
This new understanding challenges the traditional view that mutations in DNA automatically lead to disease.
Dr. Hahn noted that this research connects the realms of genetics and epigenetics.
“It illustrates how this epigenetic marker protects against mutations that cause diseases and ensures the survival of healthy cells,” she explained.
Dr. Zuryn highlighted the importance of epigenetic modification not just for individual health but also for maintaining the genetic integrity of future generations.
“Our major findings were largely derived from studying the model organism C. elegans, as well as cells cultured in a lab,” he said.
“The team is currently investigating whether similar processes occur in humans and how they may affect disease outcomes.
“This research has significant implications and provides a fresh outlook on the genetic and epigenetic components of health and disease.”
