To boost the cognitive abilities of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), it is important to find effective exercises that can enhance blood circulation in the brain. A recent investigation utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy revealed that brief and light physical activities—excluding static stretches with repetitive movements—elevated levels of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in children, thereby stimulating the PFC and improving blood flow. This research represents a crucial advance in promoting both mental and physical health among young people.
A study published on July 6, 2024, in Volume 14 of Scientific Reports, led by doctoral candidate Takashi Naito from the Graduate School of Sport Sciences at Waseda University, alongside Professors Kaori Ishii and Koichiro Oka, explores this topic further. The research examined how short, light exercises can boost cerebral blood flow in children. “Our aim is to create an easy-access light-intensity workout program that enhances brain function and decreases sedentary behavior in children. We hope to implement this program in schools with collaborative efforts,” mentions Naito.
To improve cognitive functioning, crafting exercise regimens that enhance blood flow to the brain is crucial. While previous research has shown that moderate to vigorous exercise benefits cognitive abilities, the impact of light-intensity exercise on cerebral blood flow in children has not been thoroughly examined. The research team aimed to fill this gap through an experimental study analyzing how short, light-intensity workouts influence hemodynamics in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). They prioritized easy-to-perform exercises that require no special equipment, including forms of stretching. They used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to monitor cerebral blood flow changes by assessing oxy-Hb concentrations.
The study involved 41 healthy children, ranging from fifth-grade elementary to third-year junior high school students. The participants were guided through seven distinct low-intensity exercises, along with necessary safety instructions. These movements included Upward Stretch, Shoulder Stretch, Elbow Circles, Trunk Twist, Washing Hands, Thumb and Pinky, and Single-leg Balance. Most exercises were performed while seated, except for Single-leg Balance, with movements lasting between 10 and 20 seconds. The researchers documented and compared oxy-Hb levels both at rest and during the exercises.
The findings were very encouraging, revealing noticeable increases in oxy-Hb levels in various areas of the PFC during all exercise forms when compared to resting levels. Nevertheless, no significant changes in oxy-Hb were detected during static stretches involving unidirectional movement. “By integrating the types of exercises that effectively increase blood flow to the PFC identified in this study, we can create a workout program that is easily accessible for everyone, aiming to enhance children’s executive functions. This approach may also prove beneficial for preventing cognitive decline in adults and the elderly in the future,” Naito expressed with hope.
In summary, this innovative study is a meaningful step toward addressing sedentary behavior and activating cognitive functions in children, thus fostering their overall physical and mental development. Even though the research showed that short, light exercises can increase blood flow in the prefrontal cortex, further investigation is needed to determine if these exercises directly improve cognitive capabilities.
