A recent study by researchers from Binghamton University, State University of New York, has discovered the first known case of Down syndrome in Neanderthals. The study also found evidence that Neanderthals were able to provide caring and supportive assistance to a vulnerable member of their social group. This suggests that Neanderthals were capable of altruistic behavior towards those in need.Researchers at Alcalá and the University of Valencia in Spain conducted a study on the skeletal remains of a Neandertal child, known as “Tina,” discovered at Cova Negra, a cave in Valencia, Spain. This cave has long been recognized for its significant Neandertal findings. Professor of Prehistory ValentÃn Villa from the University of Valencia stated that the excavations at Cova Negra have been crucial in understanding the way of life of the Neandertals along the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The research has also allowed the team to define the characteristics of the settlement, including its short temporal duration, small number of individuals, and the alternating presence of carnivores.The scientists used micro-computed tomography scans to create a 3D model of a small part of the skull containing the ear region. This was done to measure and analyze it. Tina had a congenital inner ear condition related to Down syndrome, which caused severe hearing loss and dizziness. Although Tina lived to be at least 6 years old, she would have needed a lot of care from others in her social group. This study is impressive because it brings together archaeological digs, advanced medical imaging, and diagnostic standards.A Neandertal with Down syndrome has been identified for the first time. According to Rolf Quam, a Professor of Anthropology at Binghamton University, this discovery has important implications for our understanding of Neandertal behavior.
While it has been long known that Neandertals took care of disabled individuals, previous cases only involved adults. Some scientists doubted that this caring behavior was truly altruistic, suggesting instead that it was an exchange of help between equals.
This new finding of a Neandertal with Down syndrome is significant because it challenges previous notions and expands our understanding of Neandertal social interactions.”We found evidence that Neandertals took care of individuals who needed help, even if they couldn’t repay the favor, showing true altruism. This is exactly what the discovery of ‘Tina’ demonstrates,” stated Mercedes Conde, a professor at the University of Alcalá and the main researcher of the study. The study, “The child who lived: Down syndrome among Neandertals?” was published in Science Advances.
