Winter weather has commenced for many of us. With howling winds, swirling snow, and dropping temperatures, the National Weather Service issues different levels of notifications regarding winter conditions.

Even though some alerts sound alike, each notification from local National Weather Service offices indicates different winter weather scenarios. Each office is familiar with its region and will issue warnings, watches, or advisories based on local criteria, which can vary significantly.

For instance, the snow accumulation required to prompt a winter storm warning in the northern Plains is generally much higher than what is necessary for issuing a comparable warning in the Southeast.

There are also other alerts not directly related to storms, including freeze and frost watches and warnings, as well as wind chill warnings.

Let’s clarify what these winter weather terms mean:

What is a winter weather advisory?

A winter weather advisory is issued when snow, blowing snow, ice, sleet, or a combination of these elements may occur, but the conditions won’t be dangerous enough to qualify for a warning. Be ready for winter driving situations and potential travel challenges. Exercise caution when on the roads.

What is a winter storm watch?

A winter storm watch is announced when there is a possibility of severe and hazardous winter weather within the next 48 hours. It indicates potential conditions but does not guarantee they will happen. Alerts are issued when significant winter weather events like blizzards, heavy snowfall, major freezing rain, or severe sleet are anticipated. Typically, these alerts are provided 12 to 36 hours before the expected weather.

What is a winter storm warning?

A winter storm warning is given when a significant winter weather event, including snow, ice, sleet, or blowing snow, is expected. It implies that travel could become difficult or even impossible in certain areas. It’s advisable to postpone any travel plans until conditions improve. Usually, these warnings are issued 6 to 18 hours prior to the winter weather.

What is a blizzard warning?

A blizzard warning indicates that a combination of snow and strong winds will lead to intense snow conditions (very low visibility), deep snow drifts, and dangerously low wind chill. This alert is specifically issued when winds of 35 mph or more are anticipated to reduce visibility to a quarter of a mile or less due to falling and/or blowing snow for at least three hours.

What is a lake-effect snow warning?

A lake-effect snow warning is alerted when pure lake-effect snow (originating directly from lake effect and not from a broader weather system) may create hazardous or life-threatening conditions.

What is a snow squall warning?

A snow squall warning is issued when a snow squall is anticipated. A snow squall is a brief yet intense period of moderate to heavy snowfall, often accompanied by strong, gusty winds and possibly even lightning (typically associated with moderate to heavy snow showers). Snow accumulation from such squalls can be considerable.

What is an ice storm warning?

An ice storm warning is issued when there is an expectation of ice accumulation of at least 1/4 inch.