Noticing your dog or cat scratching more than usual? This could indicate a flea infestation, even in colder weather.

Veterinarian Dr. Aly Cohen from Cornell University’s Riney Canine Health Center highlighted the need for pet owners to be proactive throughout the year since fleas can infest various animals and households.

Experts shared with YSL News that pet owners should maintain vigilance all year by frequently inspecting their pets and cleaning their homes to eradicate fleas. Many people tend to relax their guard during the winter months, which can be problematic as fleas undergo different life stages.

“The most common locations we expect to find fleas are warm, humid areas, such as brush piles or damp, shaded spots,” said Dr. Aly Cohen. “For instance, under a deck where leaf debris gathers creates the ideal warm, moist environment, which can occur inside homes throughout the year.”

Where Do Fleas Originate?

In simple terms, Cohen stated that fleas are a common part of the outdoor environment. Associate Professor of Entomology at the University of Kentucky, Jonathan Larson, noted that if fleas aren’t brought in from kennels, groomers, or other homes, they typically come from wild animals in the area.

“Animals such as possums and raccoons are more likely to drop fleas in nearby areas,” he explained. “They help spread fleas across towns.”

Both experts agreed that having fleas is not an indication of a dirty home but rather an unfortunate coincidence.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, fleas exist in four life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Adult fleas are usually found on pets, where they feed on blood to survive. Dr. Cohen added that fleas tend to live longer than people realize because individuals often focus on what they see on their pets rather than in their homes.

“The most challenging aspect to handle is treating the environment since you need to wait for the eggs to hatch,” she explained.

Can Fleas Live on Humans?

While some can, humans have their own specific flea species, according to Cohen. However, these fleas cannot survive long on humans. A primary sign of having fleas is the presence of long, itchy red bites on the skin, with reactions potentially being more severe for individuals with sensitive skin or allergies.

Fleas become a bigger issue when they attach to pets, leading to a lengthy and challenging treatment process, as noted by Cohen and Larson.

Effective Ways to Eliminate Fleas

Both experts advocated for a comprehensive approach to eradicate fleas. Fleas must be tackled on pets, in their frequent areas, and throughout the home for up to a year after the initial infestation.

Regarding pets, Cohen mentioned that flea baths can be beneficial but should not be the sole method, as they provide only temporary relief, killing only adult fleas. The most effective solution for animals is a medicated treatment prescribed by a veterinarian.

“There are alternatives to baths; if you decide to do a bath first and then apply a topical treatment afterward, that works. Otherwise, you can apply the medicine directly. Some treatments can eliminate fleas within 6 to 24 hours,” she stated.

Larson advised that eliminating fleas in all life stages requires time and commitment. He recommended frequent vacuuming to remove larvae, cocoons, and eggs from the carpets. Cohen added that vacuuming can stimulate fleas in their cocoon stage, making them easier to kill.

“Administer the medication prescribed by your vet, and focus on areas where the fleas tend to congregate in your home,” Larson added. “If it’s a kennel, bed, or chair, those spots need to be targeted. Fleas will drop their eggs and feed on dried blood.”

Do Fleas Die in the Winter?

No, they do not. Cohen emphasized the importance of continuing flea and tick preventatives even during the winter months. If a pet has had fleas in the past, owners should remain vigilant, as fleas can nest in carpet fibers and remain dormant as eggs for up to a year.

She cautioned against neglecting treatments as they effectively eliminate fleas.