While many are familiar with common muscular disorders like muscular dystrophy or Lou Gehrig’s disease, myasthenia gravis is a less known but troubling condition. This disorder impacts approximately 37 individuals out of every 100,000 in the United States.

Sharon Hesterlee, the chief research officer of the Muscular Dystrophy Association in Chicago, notes that despite its rarity, better awareness and diagnostic methods have resulted in more diagnoses and improved patient care.

Below, we’ll explore what myasthenia gravis is, its causes, and the treatments available for those affected.

Understanding Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia gravis, often abbreviated to MG, is described as “a persistent autoimmune neuromuscular disorder causing muscle weakness and fatigue,” according to Hesterlee. Sara Weidmayer, a physician at the LTC Charles S. Kettles VA Medical Center in Michigan, further explains that this condition happens when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body, hampering communication between nerves and muscles. It does so by disrupting the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for muscle contractions.

As a result, Hesterlee mentions the disorder can impact voluntary muscles, especially those that manage eye and eyelid movements, facial expressions, swallowing, and even breathing. Symptoms may include vision issues, drooping eyelids, and challenges in walking, speaking, or chewing tough foods. It can also hinder one’s ability to raise arms overhead.

In severe instances, MG can impair the muscles responsible for breathing, leading to shortness of breath or breathing difficulties, which may necessitate urgent medical attention, according to Weidmayer.

Causes of Myasthenia Gravis

As an autoimmune disorder, MG stems from an issue within the immune system, although the exact cause of this dysfunction remains unclear. Hesterlee remarks that genetic factors and environmental influences may play a role. Possible environmental triggers could be infections, prolonged stress, or certain medications.

Additionally, abnormalities in the thymus gland, a small organ in the chest, might also contribute to the onset or worsening of MG, according to Hesterlee.

Regardless of the underlying factors, it is crucial to note that MG is not contagious, and no known methods exist for prevention.

Treatment Options for Myasthenia Gravis

Hesterlee states that diagnosing MG involves comprehensive physical and neurological exams, electromyography tests to assess muscle and nerve connection issues, alongside CT or MRI scans to identify neurological problems. Blood tests are also commonly performed to detect specific antibodies; about 80% of MG patients test positive for the antibody linked to immune dysfunction, Weidmayer adds.

While a cure for MG is not available, various FDA-approved medications are used to manage the disease after diagnosis.

Intravenous treatments may also be advised to eliminate or counteract specific antibodies. Additionally, some patients might undergo thymectomy, the surgical removal of the thymus gland. Weidmayer notes that steroids, immunosuppressants, and plasma exchange are also viable treatment options, based on a specialist’s recommendation.

The focus of treatment is on alleviating symptoms and enhancing life quality, as Hesterlee mentions. With proper care, many individuals with myasthenia gravis can effectively manage their symptoms and continue to live fulfilling lives.