A study of 30 volunteers found that eating a poor quality diet may lead to brain changes linked to depression and anxiety. The study looked at brain chemistry and structure in relation to diet quality. Brain scans revealed differences in neurotransmitters and grey matter volume between individuals with poor diets and those who follow a Mediterranean diet.The Mediterranean-style diet is considered to be very healthy. The researchers discovered that these dietary changes are linked to rumination, which is a component of the diagnostic criteria for mental health conditions like depression and anxiety. The study involved researchers from the University of Reading, Roehampton University, FrieslandCampina in the Netherlands, and King’s College London and is published in Nutritional Neuroscience.
Eating a poor quality diet leads to lower levels of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and higher levels of glutamate, both of which are neurotransmitters. This also results in reduced grey matter volume in the frontal area.The food we eat can have a direct impact on the health of our brain, which may explain the connection between our diet and our emotional well-being. According to Dr. Piril Hepsomali from the University of Reading, research shows that people with unhealthy diets high in sugar and saturated fat tend to have imbalanced neurotransmission and reduced grey matter in the frontal part of the brain, which is associated with mental health issues like depression and anxiety. The specific mechanisms behind this connection are still being studied, and it’s possible that factors like obesity and dietary habits play a role.High levels of saturated fats in the diet have been found to affect the metabolism and transmission of glutamate and GABA in animal studies. The composition of the gut microbiome can also be significantly altered by a diet high in saturated fats, which is believed to affect the cellular processes responsible for producing GABA and glutamate. Additionally, a diet high in saturated fats and sugar has been shown to decrease the number of parvalbumin interneurons, which are responsible for transporting GABA to where it is needed. Unhealthy diets can also impact glucose levels, leading to higher blood glucose and insulin.
Increases glutamate in the brain and plasma, which reduces GABA production and release. A diet high in fat and cholesterol can also alter cell membranes, affecting neurotransmitter release.
These changes in brain chemistry could result in alterations in brain grey matter volume, as seen in this study.
Dr. Hepsomali added: “It’s important to note that GABA and glutamate play a role in appetite and food intake. Reduced GABA and/or increased glutamate may contribute to making unhealthy food choices. So, there may be a cyclical relationship between eating well and having a healthy
The study’s findings, published in Nutritional Neuroscience, reveal that consuming unhealthy diets is linked to changes in brain chemistry and structure. The researchers found that individuals who adhere to unhealthy eating patterns have lower levels of important brain chemicals and reduced grey matter volume. These alterations may have negative effects on mental well-being and overall brain health. The study’s lead author, Piril Hepsomali, emphasized the importance of making better food choices to support brain health and mental well-being. The study provides valuable insight into the connection between diet and brain health, highlighting the significance of consuming a healthy and balanced diet for optimal brain function and mental well-being.
